Dr. Kelly Kohls, the NSBLC President and CEO and former school board member, describes what she experienced as a new school board member, how some of our problems in education developed, and what we can do now.

Before your first meeting

• Know your principles – write them down, refer to them.
• As an elected representative, people will attempt to sway your opinion/vote.
• Clearly understanding and expressing your core values/principles will make difficult votes much easier.
  • Get to know the US Constitution (Moms for America Cottage meetings online, Institute On The Constitution courses online, Hillsdale courses online, National Center for Constitutional Studies courses online) are very good resources. Get to know your state constitution. Use them to reference why you voted the way you did.

Example:
Good Board Principles

1. [Community name] is a great community of talented people that support our schools. We appreciate the tens of millions of dollars the community provides to operate our schools. Community members are not anti-school if they believe the school district should live within its means.  Everyone is participating in funding our school, even renters.
2. Purchase and support local businesses whenever possible, support those who support us without bias.
3. Value honesty and frank discussions.
4. Parents are the ultimate authority over their children. Schools shouldn’t try to take on that responsibility. We must assist parents in recognizing their responsibility.
5. The board policy manual is the rule book. It has been neglected and often written by politically motivated organizations; we will be working to update it.
6. The school district provides students with the opportunity for an education. Students and parents must take the ultimate responsibility for each student’s education and be involved in the decision making.
7. Treat community members with respect. It’s not schools vs. community; it's schools AND community. It is not anti-school to disagree with the board, administration, or teachers on any matter including school funding.
8. Schools work for the community and answer to it.
9. Become active in state policy making. Engage our state reps.
10. Be sensitive to the economic conditions. Let’s get through downturns together not at the expense of each other.

Additionally:

1. Think through your goals for the next four years – write them down.
   Take advantage of being a board member-elect, you are not subject to open meetings law until the official start date. Meet and strategize with other board members, discuss your goals and theirs, discover common ground.
2. Meet with administrators, find out what they believe are important issues.
3. Read your District’s by-laws and Policies
        - Bylaws govern the conduct of the Board
        - Policies govern the conduct of the school district
4. Familiarize yourself with Robert’s Rules of Order.
5. Ask your district Treasurer to purchase: Robert’s Rules of Order, Newly Revised.

What Is the general purpose of a School Board?

The school board exists to represent the community in the oversight to the activities of the school system. They are the PUBLIC’s connection to public schools. The school board’s purpose is to ensure that the school district operations in the best interest of the community at large, particularly the parents and students in the school district.

It may not be obvious to casual observers that the school board has jurisdiction over ALL school age children within its jurisdiction. While the school board is primarily concerned with students enrolled in traditional public schools, its decisions can impact students attending parochial, charter, private, and home-schooled children.

Download the PDF below to read more about the purpose of a school board.

1. Swear in new members
   Oath – support the Constitutions of the US and the State of Ohio and to faithfully perform the duties of the office See Example “Oath” pdf we provide.
2. Election of officers
   President pro-tempore (typically last year’s President) solicits nominations
   Must have a majority of the full board to elect (i.e 3 of 5 or 4 of 7)
   NOTE: by law, some votes require a majority of the FULL BOARD, not just the members present.
   A. President – (be the President)
   Takes the gavel immediately after elected, responsible for presiding over meetings, appoints committee assignments, sets the board agenda.
   B. Vice President- Presides over meetings in absence of the President.
3. Appointee(s) to the JVS Board
4. Committee assignments
5. Committees of the Board
   A. Standing committees
   B. Ad hoc committees
   Must adhere to Open Meeting Law (notice and minutes)
6. Appointments to Other Committees-Established by school administration, board members may participate
7. Designate a place and time for regular meetings
8. Standing resolutions
9. Some boards adopt resolutions to join organizations such as NSBLC, OSBA, or the local chamber of commerce
10. Designees to attend public record access training
11. Establish a board service fund to cover board member expenses for authorized activities
12. Establish the date and time for next year's organizational meeting
13. Any other items that require board action should be deferred to the next regular meeting

Your Oath of Office Example:

I, (name), do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully discharge the duties of the office of member of the Board of Education (or Board of School Directors, as the case may be) of (name of School District), in accordance with the Constitution of the United States, the Constitution of the State of ____, and the laws of the State of ____, to the best of my ability.

Make sure you use a legal Oath of Office.  In 2014 the Ohio School Boards Association sent out an Oath of Office that omitted the US Constitution.  This "Oath" was illegal since Ohio Revised Code requires that the oath includes the US as well as the Ohio Constitutions.

The OSBA has been in business since 1955.  Do you think this omission was an accident?  Since that happened, it has been discovered that several districts that have used the illegal "Oath" sent out by OSBA.

Become very Knowledgeable about Robert's Rules of Order, otherwise known as parliamentary procedures.

Several versions of cheat sheets for Parliamentary Procedures can be found at the links below.

Dozen's of other videos are available on YouTube covering a variety of topics.

You will want to become familiar with your district Bylaws and Policies.  Bylaws include statements about your state law and include some opinion.  So, it is best to know the laws that impact your position in your state.  Bylaws describe how the board operates while policies describe how the district operates.  Policies are most typically written by your contracted services.  Many, if not all, of these policies include State revised code and the opinions of the people inside your contracted services.  You may want to ask this paid service to highlight in a different color which parts are a reflection on your state laws, and which are their opinions.  Each district may have a policy manual, and it should be located online where the community can easily find it.  Rely on your community to point to policies that work and do not work.

There are many laws from the Federal, State and local levels that affect your school board, but do any of these laws actually help protect the students, the parents, and the tax payers?

This video will help you understand how the policy makers interpret the laws and write the policies for your school district. It is your job to understand these policies, and learn how you can change or contest these policies.

One thing that is important to know is that there is a federal law (PPRA) that protects the right of the parents to actually see the curriculum, and all materials for your child's classes before your child is exposed to them.

The more you know, the more you can help the families in your school district, so be sure to click on the link below to view this video and read, print and have on hand the Federal act linked below.

(PPRA) PROTECTION OF PUPILS RIGHTS AMENDMENT

https://studentprivacy.ed.gov/faq/what-protection-pupil-rights-amendment-ppra

https://studentprivacy.ed.gov/content/ppra

Rachel R. Citak

Rachel R. Citak is an Ohio-licensed attorney and PR professional at her own legal practice, RACHEL R. CITAK, ATTORNEY AT LAW LLC. Her firm services conservative causes and clients in multiple practice areas such as education law, employment law, religious liberty and freedom of speech. Her conservative advocacy and public relations work has included appearances on local news stations, testifying at the Ohio Statehouse, and penning high profile op-eds. She has extensive experience working at Ohio’s capitol as both a registered lobbyist and in-house counsel. As passionate firearms enthusiasts, Rachel and her husband Rob are active members of the second amendment community in addition to serving as advisory attorneys for the USCCA network.

RACHEL R. CITAK, ATTORNEY AT LAW LLC
rachel@rcitaklaw.com
513-845-2121
rcitaklaw.com
attorney at law, advocate at heart

Andy Brenner
Your State Senator

Senator Andrew Brenner is currently serving in his first term in the Ohio Senate, representing Senate District 19. He previously served four terms in the Ohio House of Representatives from 2011-2018 and as Delaware County Recorder from 2005-2010. Prior to his election as Recorder, he served on the Kingston Township zoning board and as a representative to the Delaware County Regional Planning Commission for Kingston Township.

134th General Assembly Committee Assignments:
- Primary & Secondary Education Committee (Chairman)
- Energy & Public Utilities Committee
- Finance Committee
- Insurance Committee
- Rules & Reference Committee

Job Summary – as a group of district community representatives – set the Mission, Vision, and policies of the district. To hire, evaluate and terminate the Superintendent and treasurer of your district. To continuously evaluate the progress of the district’s financial status, academic progress and to prioritize the services offered by the district.

Responsibilities and Duties – attend all school board meetings to the best of your ability. Vote on agenda items as presented without bias. Investigate, research and discuss the business of the district. Participate, when possible, in committee meetings. Continuously communicate with your community about the district's plans, needs, successes and deficiencies.

Qualifications and Skills – While there are no specific qualifications or skills necessary to be on a school board you must be able to read the documents concerning the business of the district. No prior experiences are necessary.

Salary and Benefits – This depends on the State you work in. Some States have no board member compensation while others offer limited pay and benefits. This level of compensation will be published in your State Revised Code or State Code.

1. Always act in the best interest of the students while representing the community you serve.
2. The Board’s authority comes from the collective decisions of the board. No one member, or group of members, has the authority to act on behalf of the Board unless the board has explicitly authorized that action. Board actions are authorized by votes of the members in legally held meetings. 
3. Comply with open meetings laws, conduct public business in public. Limit the discussions in executive sessions to the specific purposes allowed by law. Don’t use executive sessions to hide controversial issues from the public.
4. Obey public records laws.  Keep personal email separate from school related email. An email from a member of the public to a board member is most likely a public record if a school issue is mentioned.  Comply with all valid public records requests.
5. Keep an open-door policy with your community, students and district staff.
6. Work to understand the issues and materials presented for you to vote on.  Do research, ask questions, seek advice, apply your personal knowledge and experience, and vote your conscience. 
7. When a community member, parent, district employee or student contacts you always respond to the person, even if only to thank them for their opinion.
   a. If the issue is regarding school operations, guide them toward the appropriate school administrator (principal, central office staff, Superintendent). If they have done that, perhaps you want to follow up with the Superintendent. Remember, it is the Superintendent’s and the Treasurer’s responsibility to manage their subordinate staff members. Be respectful of the chain-of-command. 
   b. If the issue is a policy issue, hear them out. Examine the policy in question and determine whether a change to the policy is appropriate.  Follow up once you have researched the issue.
8. Always foster an environment of transparency by having a public discussion on the topics you are voting on. Unless the reasons are confidential by law, make clear the reasons why you are voting the way you choose to vote.  
9. Avoid and prevent nepotism, conflicts of interest, accepting gifts or favors from those that may be seen as asking for favors.
10. If you see possible illegal activities, report the relevant information to the proper authorities.
11. Make decisions based on priorities understanding there are limited funds. There is never enough money for everything that everyone wants to do for the benefit of children.

• Sunshine laws require government transparency to the public. Click on the link below to view a PDF of the Ohio Sunshine Law Manual – and look for something similar in your state.
• The Open Meetings Act and the Open Records Act videos are Ohio specific, but it is important for you to identify this type of information for your state. Click on the links below.
• There is free training done regarding Sunshine Laws in each State. Register for the next training online on your State’s “Secretary of State” website. Anyone can attend these.
• Additionally, you can visit the link below to learn about submitting Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests for public documents.
• Watch the Executive Session with Judge Curt Hartman video at the link below. He gives in-depth details and answer questions on Executive Session Rules and Regulations in Ohio.
• View the White V King case document regarding transparency, and the Daily Times news article about how Adam White challenged the school board.

Gifts and Favors = Additional Compensation

Can you take gifts from people? State laws may differ but generally the answer is NO. You are not allowed to take gifts, meals, prizes, etc. from your district or anyone else that may be considered a vendor. You can substitute teach or work in other districts, but not your own. If the district ever offers you anything more than something with a value of $25 you are not allowed by law to take it. Don't get caught taking an illegal offering. In Ohio, the state law calls taking a gift worth more than $25, additional compensation. Don't allow anyone to give you anything worth more than $25, or the max allowed in your state. For example, your legal counsel may buy you lunch but not over $25 value. In Ohio, see Ohio Revised Code - 1907.17. Additional compensation.

We’re gathering together all of this information and it will be here shortly. Please check back in a often.

Most Common Committees

1. Policy
2. Finance – below is an example of a resolution to start a board committee. This can be done any time during the year.
3. Curriculum
4. Compensation
5. Athletic
6. Safety

Be it resolved that the [DISTRICT NAME] Board of Education hereby establishes a Budget and Finance Committee with authority to review, investigate, advise, and recommend to the board on all matters related to school district financial forecasting and financial reporting. The committee shall operate according to Board bylaws section 0155. The committee shall operate in consultation with the Superintendent and Treasurer, or their designees and the Board's attorney as required for the performance of its duties. The board appoints _________________ as chairman and __________________ as member of the Budget and Finance Committee until the board appoints successors or the board's next organizational meeting.

Others depending on issues facing the district

Board lead committees, Chaired by an appointed board member, Agenda set by the chairman, Subject to the open meetings law (notice and minutes required).

Board sets the agenda in consultation with administration

Committee recommendations approved by a vote of participating board members

Administration supports the committee, Committee chairman reports to the board

Committees make recommendations to the board not decisions on behalf of the board

Resolution forming a board policy committee:

Be it resolved that the ____________________ Schools Board of Education hereby establishes a Policy Committee with authority to review, investigate, advise, and recommend to the board on all matters related to Board policies. The committee shall operate according to Board bylaws section __________. The committee shall operate in consultation with the Superintendent and Treasurer, or their designees and the Board's attorney as required for the performance of its duties. The board hereby appoints _____________ as chairman and ______________as members of the Policy Committee until the board appoints successors or the board's next organizational meeting.

School Board members should feel comfortable and confident when both reading and writing resolutions. Resolutions must be presented as a motion at a school board meeting.

Once a board member is recognized by the board president they can read their resolution. Another board member must second the motion to bring their motion to the floor for discussion. 

Motions can be amended (with subsequent votes taken to accept the amendments). Once the motion has been discussed and possibly amended a board member can call the question (only once the floor has been vacated). This means that a board member shall always be allowed to present their motion in completion before the "question" (vote) is taken. No one should be allowed to interrupt, or "call the question", the person who is speaking after they have been granted that opportunity by the board president.

If a board member, presenting the motion is interrupted, the board president should call, "Point of Order", meaning the flow of "Robert's Rules of Order" has been disrupted and the speaker can continue to present the motion and the rationale for its presentation.

After every board member and possibly the administrators have had a chance to speak about the motion and its amendments another board member can call the question. Calling the "Question" simply means the question requester thinks it is time to take the final vote. Most typically a roll call vote is taken.

The maker of the motion should submit the motion in writing preferably to the Secretary and President to avoid missing any language that might confuse the body.

Video Outline
1:00 – Short resolution sample and discussion
5:45 – Longer and more formal resolution discussion

Jim Rigano

Jim is a retired, two-term, school board member from Springboro Ohio. As a member of the Springboro Board of Education Jim served as chairman of the board policy committee and member of the finance committee. 

He participated as a board representative in contract negotiations. After the Sandy Hook incident, Jim chaired the board’s Safety Committee charged with identifying ways to improve the safety environment within the school district. 

Jim was a co-founder of Educate Springboro, a political action committee that was created to influence school financial policy, where he created the Children First Budget process.